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ethyl sulfate
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Ethyl sulfate (IUPAC name: ethyl hydrogen sulfate), also known as sulfovinic acid, is an organic chemical compound used as an intermediate in the production of ethanol from ethylene. It is the ethyl ester of sulfuric acid.
==History==
This substance was studied alongside ether for the first time by German alchemist August Siegmund Frobenius in 1730,〔Dr. Frobenius (1730) ("An account of a spiritus vini æthereus, together with several experiments tried," ) ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society'' (of London), 36 (413) : 283–289.〕 subsequently by French chemists Fourcroy in 1797 and Gay-Lussac in 1815.〔Fourcroy, A.F. and Vauquelin, L.N. (1797) ("Sur l'action de l'acide sulfurique sur l'alcool et de la formation de l'éther" ) (On the action of sulfuric acid on alcohol and on the formation of ether), ''Annales de Chimie'', 23 : 203-215.〕〔Gay-Lussac, L.J. (1815) ("Sur l'analyse de l'alcool et de l'éther sulfurique et sur les produits de la fermentation" ) (On the analysis of alcohol and sulfuric ether and on the products of fermentation), ''Annales de Chimie'', 95 : 311-318.〕 Swiss scientist Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure also studied it in 1807.〔Théodore de Saussure (1807) ("Mémoire sur la composition de l'alcohol et de l'éther sulfurique," ) ''Journal de physique, de chimie, d'histoire naturelle et des arts'', 64 : 316–354.〕 In 1827, French chemist and pharmacist Félix-Polydore Boullay (1806-1835) along with Jean-Baptiste André Dumas noted the role of ethyl sulfate in the preparation of diethyl ether from sulfuric acid and ethanol.〔Dumas, J-B and Boullay, P. (1827) ("Mémoire sur la formation de l'éther sulfurique," ) ''Annales de Chimie et de Physique'', 36 : 294-316.〕 Further studies by the German chemist Eilhard Mitscherlich and the Swedish chemist Jöns Berzelius suggested sulfuric acid was acting as a catalyst, this eventually led to the discovery of sulfovinic acid as an intermediate in the process.〔E. Mitscherlich (1834) ("Ueber die Aetherbildung" ) (On the formation of ether), ''Annalen der Physik und Chemie'', 31 (18) : 273-282.〕〔J. J. Berzelius, ''Årsberättelsen om framsteg i fysik och kemi'' (report on progress in physics and chemistry ), (Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1835). After reviewing Eilhard Mitscherlich's research on the formation of ether, Berzelius coins the word ''katalys'' (catalysis) on (page 245 ):
Original: ''Jag skall derföre, för att begagna en i kemien välkänd härledning, kalla den kroppars'' katalytiska kraft, ''sönderdelning genom denna kraft ''katalys, ''likasom vi med ordet analys beteckna åtskiljandet af kroppars beståndsdelar medelst den vanliga kemiska frändskapen.''
''Translation'': I shall, therefore, to employ a well-known derivation in chemistry, call (catalytic ) bodies (substances ) the ''catalytic force'' and the decomposition of () bodies by this force ''catalysis'', just as we signify by the word ''analysis'' the separation of the constituents of bodies by the usual chemical affinities. 〕 The advent of electrochemistry by Italian physicist Alessandro Volta and English chemist Humphry Davy in the 1800s confirmed ether and water were formed by the reaction of sub-stoichiometric amounts of sulfuric acid on ethanol and that sulfovinic acid was formed as an intermediate in the reaction.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=The Composition and Structure of Ether )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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